Using gender, governance, innovation, market integration, and intra-community power dynamics as its five main drivers, the study at hand investigates the ways in which agrosilvopastoralism (ASP) affects food system outcomes in the Sahel and Horn of Africa. The study maps region-specific benefits and finds patterns of synergy and tradeoff across three key food system outcomes—livelihoods and inclusion, sustainability and resilience, and food and nutrition security—by combining data from 41 initiatives. Results show that multi-driver, integrated approaches consistently perform better than single-driver interventions. The analysis emphasizes how long-term effects are limited when pastoral mobility is neglected and how entrenched power structures and governance gaps can impede technical advancement. A new paradigm is put forth to direct context-sensitive ASP interventions that balance institutional change, multi-driver integration, and traditional knowledge in order to transform the food system in a way that is both equitable and long-lasting.