Through integrated social protection mechanisms in climate-vulnerable environments, the Sahel Adaptive Social Protection Program (SASPP) thematic overview describes strategic measures to build human capital, which is defined as the population’s health, skills, and knowledge. Understanding the connections between climatic shocks and the deterioration of human capital, creating interventions to improve human capital in vulnerable areas, and protecting current investments in the face of environmental stressors are the three main goals of the program. Important interventions include cross-sectoral pilots in Chad, behavioral change projects in Niger to enhance parenting and child development, and the implementation of WHO’s Self-Help Plus mental health program in Senegal using community-based delivery networks. These initiatives show how adaptive social protection can reduce risks brought on by climate change, increase resilience, and support inclusive human capital development throughout the Sahel.