Significant geopolitical changes and greater regionalization of instability in the Central Sahel have occurred in the first half of 2024; Mauritania has taken in 86,000 Malian refugees so far, with the number expected to increase to 112,000 by the end of the year. Across 2024, flooding will still be a major problem in West and Central Africa. In late 2023, the Republic of Congo saw severe flooding, while in other countries, such Liberia and Chad, floods from the 2024 rainy season had already affected hundreds of thousands of people by mid-year. Across 2024, disease outbreaks remain a serious issue in West and Central Africa.