Judd Devermont and Marielle Harris write in this CSIS Brief that besides violent extremism, internal displacement and hunger are spreading in the Sahel. Not all strategies with a view on development and security match the situation on the ground or are interchangeable. Good governance and a strategy to promote peace processes, including – but cautiously – with militants, are of the essence:
https://www.csis.org/analysis/rethinking-crisis-responses-sahel (web)