Since indirect costs and losses associated with slow-onset processes cannot be evaluated using the same technique, figures understate the actual extent of loss and harm. After reviewing indirect losses using the literature, the study linked below concludes that: slow-onset climate change-related processes have a considerable detrimental influence on food production in SGHA nations, with yields for important food crops like sorghum, maize, rice, or wheat dropping regionally. Temperature and precipitation variations may make plant pests more likely in the future, which would affect agricultural production and pasture availability.
Among the recommendations:
“1. Speed up the establishment of the Loss and Damage Fund, resource it adequately and
ensure access for vulnerable countries in the SGHA region.
2. Increase adaptation and anticipatory humanitarian finance to complement loss and
damage finance. This is to avert and minimise the disproportionately high human cost of
climate change in the SGHA region.
3. Invest in more comprehensive loss and damage data collection in fragile and conflict-
affected states.
4. Expand beyond the standard data collection and assessment methodologies to better
quantify indirect, non-economic and slow-onset loss and damage.
5. Prioritise understanding how loss and damage affects women, children, elderly people
and marginalised groups to determine the true distribution of costs, and design targeted
measures to address them.”
https://cisp.cachefly.net/assets/articles/attachments/94075_technical_report_bearing_the_burden.pdf